
100 requests per minute, and 200 got through
Where the simplest rate limiter leaks, and what real APIs use instead.
System DesignInterview questions12 min
How the parts of a backend behave once real traffic shows up: rate limiters, caches, queues, load balancers, replication.

Where the simplest rate limiter leaks, and what real APIs use instead.

Three tiers for a small SaaS, with the server in a public subnet to skip the NAT Gateway.
A popular key expires and ten thousand requests hit the database in the same second.
The classic warm-up question, and the follow-ups that make it hard.
Add one server to a cluster of ten and watch how many keys have to move.
I send one email when a new article is out, and nothing else.